In the field of psychology and behavioural science, the term “behaviours of concern” refers to actions that may negatively affect an individual’s well-being, social interactions, or overall quality of life. These behaviours can manifest in various settings, including home, school, and workplaces, and may pose risks to both the individual exhibiting the behaviour and those around them. However, rather than perceiving these behaviours as random or problematic in isolation, it is crucial to approach them with a scientific lens—understanding the underlying causes, triggers, and functions they serve.
The Science Behind Behaviours of Concern
Behaviours of concern do not occur in a vacuum; they are deeply rooted in environmental, psychological, and neurological factors. Research has consistently shown that these behaviours often serve a purpose, whether it be communication, escape from a distressing situation, access to desired stimuli, or self-regulation.
According to behaviour analysis principles, all actions are driven by antecedents (triggers) and consequences (outcomes). Understanding these dynamics enables us to create targeted strategies for intervention. For instance, an individual who engages in aggression when asked to complete a difficult task may be attempting to avoid an overwhelming cognitive demand. Instead of merely addressing the aggression, it is essential to explore alternative ways to support the individual in managing task-related stress.
The Four Functions of Behaviour
A fundamental concept in behaviour science is “The Four Functions of Behaviour,” as wonderfully explained by Ignite Healthcare, which helps professionals classify and address different behaviours. These functions are:
- Escape – The behaviour serves as a means to avoid an undesirable situation (e.g., running away from a noisy classroom).
- Attention – The individual engages in the behaviour to gain social interaction (e.g., shouting to get attention).
- Tangible Access – The behaviour is used to obtain a preferred item or activity (e.g., throwing a tantrum to get a toy).
- Sensory Stimulation – The behaviour provides self-regulation or sensory input (e.g., rocking or hand-flapping in response to overstimulation).
Identifying which of these functions is at play allows behavioural specialists to create more effective support strategies that address the root cause rather than just suppressing the symptoms.
Functional Behaviour Assessments (FBA)
A Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA) is a critical tool used in the field of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS). This structured process involves collecting data to determine when, where, and why a behaviour occurs. The key steps in an FBA include:
- Observing and documenting behaviour patterns over time.
- Identifying antecedents (triggers) and consequences.
- Determining the function of the behaviour.
- Developing individualised support strategies to replace or modify the behaviour.
For example, if a child consistently displays self-injurious behaviour when placed in crowded spaces, an FBA might reveal that this response is due to sensory overload. With this knowledge, interventions such as structured breaks, noise-canceling headphones, or alternative communication methods can be introduced.
Practical Interventions for Behaviours of Concern
Evidence-based interventions focus on modifying environmental triggers, teaching new skills, and reinforcing positive behaviour. Some common approaches include:
1. Environmental Modifications
Adjusting the environment can significantly reduce behaviours of concern. Examples include:
- Creating predictable routines to decrease anxiety.
- Providing sensory-friendly spaces.
- Using visual schedules to support transitions.
2. Communication Strategies
Many behaviours of concern arise from frustration due to communication difficulties. Alternative communication methods, such as visual supports, sign language, or speech-generating devices, can empower individuals to express their needs in a socially appropriate manner.
3. Emotional Regulation Techniques
Helping individuals develop coping skills is crucial. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, and structured sensory activities can prevent distress from escalating into challenging behaviour.
4. Reinforcement-Based Strategies
Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool in behaviour change. Instead of punishing undesirable actions, reinforcing appropriate alternatives encourages lasting change. For instance, if a student frequently disrupts class to seek attention, a teacher might proactively offer positive social interaction when the student engages in appropriate behaviour.
The Role of Allied Healthcare in Behaviour Support
Allied Healthcare is dedicated to providing evidence-based behaviour support services that empower individuals and their support networks.
By integrating principles from Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and Positive Behaviour Support (PBS), health providers develop individualised plans that promote skill development, independence, and a higher quality of life.
Through collaboration with occupational therapists, speech pathologists, and psychologists. Typically companies are engaged for
- Comprehensive Behaviour Assessments
- Individualised Behaviour Support Plans
- Family and Caregiver Training
- Crisis Prevention Strategies
Addressing Stigma and Misconceptions
One of the major challenges in managing behaviours of concern is societal stigma. These behaviours are often misunderstood as deliberate misbehaviour rather than as indicators of unmet needs. Education and awareness are crucial in shifting this perspective, encouraging compassionate and proactive support rather than punitive responses.
Conclusion
Behaviours of concern should not be viewed in isolation or as problems to be eliminated. Instead, they must be understood as expressions of underlying needs. By applying scientific principles, conducting thorough assessments, and implementing tailored interventions, we can create environments that promote positive behavioural change.
Allied Health organisations play a vital role in bridging the gap between research and practical application, ensuring individuals receive the support they need to thrive. With the right strategies, every person can develop alternative skills to express themselves effectively, leading to a safer, more inclusive, and fulfilling life.
