Nanotechnology is the use of matter on an atomic and subatomic level for industrial purposes. It’s researched and used in various scientific fields such as molecular engineering, microfabrication, energy storage, and such. Today, many see the potential for application in medicine, electronics, energy production, and consumer products.
The car industry has always tried to combine knowledge from various industry fields and look for ways to improve multiple aspects of vehicles. Engineers often must work with conflicting requests – to make cars both light enough to gain speed fast and sturdy enough to withstand a crash. They also have to create sleek and eye-pleasing exteriors and interiors, and a robust structure that can hold it all together.
Engineers believe that nanomaterials can solve some of these issues. While the industry-wide application is still not present, certain aspects of car production and maintenance are already using this technology. So, let us look at what the present can offer us right now and what the future holds for us.
Engine – make it sing
Engines are the workforce of driving experience and must endure constant motion, friction, and high temperatures. New materials, such as Nano-aluminum, could replace the ever-present iron or even regular aluminum as a building component. It’s more durable but also very light.
Lubricants, fluids, and engine coatings are also improving. For example, nanodiamonds act like small ball bearings that lubricate the surface of the engine. They protect contact that happens between various metal parts moving while the machine works. They also fill the jagged metal parts and help with the smooth flow of the oil. This helps with heat protection and slows down the wear of the engine. Not to mention that it can improve fuel efficiency as well.
Batteries – need more power
Smartphones, tablets, or laptops ask for a significant amount of energy for recharging. During prolonged traveling in the car, this is becoming an issue as more and more devices are used. Generating enough electricity supply while keeping the size and production price of batteries in check has always been a problem. Nanoparticles of platinum or similar metals offer a way to reduce battery cost production. It is also possible to create lighter cells with increased lifespan, as nanomaterials used in construction are lightweight and more durable.
With the rising popularity of electric and hydrogen cars, improvements in fuel cell technology are helmed by nanotechnology. Batteries that use semi-solid hydrogen with carbon nanomaterials offer a safer and cheaper way of manufacturing vehicles powered by hydrogen.
Coating – let it shine
Paints and coating materials are already using nanotechnology. Since the car exterior is exposed to harsh elements, the need to protect and expand the paint lifetime is ever-present. Nanofillers can be used to bond with clearcoat molecules and create elastic nano coating with strong resistive properties. They form a layer that protects against scratches, fading from Sun’s rays, or wear from use. Technologies currently in development claim that it will be possible for the paint to become resistant to dirt and to have an ability to self-repair scratches and damages on the surface.
Additionally, creating a water-resistant cover with nanotechnology offers a way to improve windows, as water will run off faster and will not influence visibility in heavy rain. All these features reduce the need for maintenance, especially the need to wash the car often, in addition to providing additional safety.
Interior – feeling comfortable, always
Nanomaterials offer a possibility to create a comfortable and modern interior that is also resistant to everyday use and UV exposure. Textiles are extensively used in various parts of vehicles. The application of nanotechnology can improve their lifetime and performance. For example, Carbon nano polymers may increase resistance to liquid stains and dirt. Silver nanoparticles are excellent for preventing microbial activity. Materials that increase resistance and UV protection and to avoid moisture from saturating the fabric are under development.
Tires – stay on track
Nanotechnology has been a part of tire manufacturing for years now. Particles of silica are often used as fillers in the rubber. This addition enhances both the durability and performance of the tires. It also helps keep the environment safe, as the used tires do not biodegrade and pose a risk of fire and other landfill hazards. Also, as a result of the modified burning process, nanostructured carbon black (or soot) can be applied to rubber and increase wear and tear resistance. Other materials such as nanoclays make the inner lining impenetrable, and with that, they improve the stability of the tire’s pressure. There’s research about materials such as nanodiamonds that can be used to improve the tires further. Still, many of them are not commercially viable, and it will take some time before we see them in everyday use.
Nanotechnology can offer various ways to improve both vehicle manufacturing and the experience of ownership. With the reduction of production costs and the positive effect on the environment, nanomaterials can offer engineers viable alternatives. Owners will also profit from lower maintenance costs, less chance of expenses from scratching, tear and wear, and a more reliable car.
